(1) 油品选择不当
(1) Improper selection of oil products
油的品牌、质量、粘度等级不符合要求，或不同品牌的液压油混用，造成液压油粘度指数过低或过高。如果机油粘度过高，功率损耗增加，油温升高；如果粘度太低，泄漏会增加，油温会升高。
The brand, quality, and viscosity grade of the oil do not meet the requirements, or different brands of hydraulic oil are mixed, resulting in low or high viscosity index of the hydraulic oil. If the viscosity of the engine oil is too high, the power loss increases and the oil temperature increases; If the viscosity is too low, leakage will increase and the oil temperature will rise.
预防措施：油的选择要根据厂家推荐的商标，机器所处的工作环境和温度因素来判断。对于一些有特殊要求的机器，要选用专用液压油；当液压元件和系统的维护不方便时，应选择性能良好的抗磨液压油。
Preventive measures: The selection of oil should be based on the manufacturer's recommended trademark, the working environment of the machine, and temperature factors. For some machines with special requirements, special hydraulic oil should be selected; When the maintenance of hydraulic components and systems is inconvenient, wear-resistant hydraulic oil with good performance should be selected.
(2) 污染严重。
(2) Severe pollution.
工地环境恶劣。随着机器工作时间的增加，杂质和污垢很容易混入油中。被污染的液压油进入泵、马达和阀的配合间隙，会划伤和破坏配合面的精度和粗糙度，造成泄漏和油温升高。
The construction site environment is harsh. As the working time of the machine increases, impurities and dirt are easily mixed into the oil. The contaminated hydraulic oil entering the fitting clearance of pumps, motors, and valves can scratch and damage the accuracy and roughness of the fitting surface, causing leakage and oil temperature rise.

预防措施：一般工作1000小时以上就要换油。换油时，不仅要注意排干油箱中的旧油，还要更换整个系统管路和工作回路中的旧油；加油的时候用120目以上的滤网就好，按规定加足油，让油有充分的循环冷却条件。如果液压油污染引起突发故障，液压系统中使用的油必须过滤或更换。
Preventive measures: Generally, the oil needs to be changed after working for more than 1000 hours. When changing the oil, not only should the old oil in the oil tank be drained, but also the old oil in the entire system pipeline and working circuit should be replaced; When refueling, use a filter screen with a mesh size of 120 or more, and add enough oil according to regulations to provide sufficient circulation and cooling conditions for the oil. If hydraulic oil pollution causes sudden faults, the oil used in the hydraulic system must be filtered or replaced.
(3) 液压油箱中的油位过低
(3) The oil level in the hydraulic oil tank is too low
如果液压油箱中的油太少，液压系统将没有足够的流量带走其产生的热量，从而导致油温升高。
If there is too little oil in the hydraulic tank, the hydraulic system will not have enough flow to carry away the heat generated, resulting in an increase in oil temperature.
预防措施: 在实际操作和维护过程中，严格遵守操作规程中液压油位的规定。比如一台液压挖掘机，工作一段时间后，出现液压油温度高的问题；查看液压油箱，发现油位远低于正常值。由于液压系统缺油过多，液压油循环过快，未能充分散热，导致油温升高。按规定加足液压油后，液压油温度立即下降到正常刻度。
Preventive measures: Strictly follow the hydraulic oil level regulations in the operating procedures during actual operation and maintenance. For example, a hydraulic excavator may experience high hydraulic oil temperature after working for a period of time; Upon checking the hydraulic oil tank, it was found that the oil level was far below normal. Due to excessive oil shortage in the hydraulic system, the hydraulic oil circulates too quickly and fails to fully dissipate heat, resulting in an increase in oil temperature. After adding enough hydraulic oil according to regulations, the temperature of the hydraulic oil immediately drops to the normal scale.
(4) 空气混入液压系统
(4) Air mixing into hydraulic system
混入液压油中的空气将从低压区的油中逸出并形成气泡。当它移动到高压区域时，这些气泡会被高压油压碎，释放出大量热量，导致油温升高。
The air mixed with hydraulic oil will escape from the oil in the low-pressure zone and form bubbles. When it moves to a high-pressure area, these bubbles will be crushed by high-pressure oil, releasing a large amount of heat, causing the oil temperature to rise.
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